45 BC – The Julian calendar takes effect as the civil calendar of the Roman Empire, establishing January 1 as the new date of the new year.
1600 – Scotland recognises January 1 as the start of the year, instead of March 25.
1801 – Ceres, the largest and first known object in the Asteroid belt, is discovered by Giuseppe Piazzi.
1845 – The Philippines began in sync with Asian dates by redrawing the International Date Line through skipping Tuesday, December 31, 1844. Ordered by Governor–General Narciso Claveria reforming the country calendar to align with the rest of Asia. It’s territory was one day behind for 323 years since the arrival of Ferdinand Magellan in the Philippines on March 16, 1521.
1912 – The Republic of China is established.
1934 – A “Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring” comes into effect in Nazi Germany.
1942 – The Declaration by United Nations is signed by twenty-six nations.
1971 – Cigarette advertisements are banned on American television.
1983 – The ARPANET officially changes to using TCP/IP, the Internet Protocol, effectively creating the Internet.
and injures more than 60 others.